Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, andpancreatic cancer. It is given by injection into a vein.[2] There is also an albumin bound formulation.[2]
Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, numbness, allergic reactions, muscle pains, anddiarrhea. Other serious side effects include heart problems, increased risk of infection, and lung inflammation.[2]There are concerns that use during pregnancy may cause birth defects.[3][2] Paclitaxel is in the taxane family of medications.[4] It works by interference with the normal function of microtubules during cell division.[2]
Paclitaxel was first isolated in 1971 from the Pacific yew and approved for medical use in 1993.[5][6] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[7] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 7.06 to 13.48 USD per 100 mg vial.[8] This amount in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 66.85 pounds.[9] It is now manufactured by cell culture.[6]
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